In which situation may self-reporting not be reliable?

Self-reporting may not be reliable particularly in situations involving sensitive topics. When individuals are asked to report on personal experiences or feelings related to sensitive issues—such as mental health, financial status, or behaviors that could be judged negatively—they may feel vulnerable or ashamed. This can lead to various biases, such as social desirability bias, where respondents may provide answers that they believe are more acceptable or favorable rather than their genuine thoughts or experiences.

In contrast, scenarios involving motivated participants who are asked clear and straightforward questions generally promote more accurate self-reporting. When follow-up interviews are conducted, they often provide an opportunity for clarification and deeper understanding, which typically enhances the reliability of the data collected.